Essay about psychology - 1075 Words

As described, there are 10 different perspectives of early psychology. These perspectives are: Structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. I will only be looking at three of these perspectives still in common use today here is a summary of each. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The behavioral perspective quot;focuses on the observable behaviors; thus it does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking.quot; (Davis and Palladino, 2005).Unlike the other approaches, the behavioral perspective accentuates how it is important to learn and understand and doesnt focus on coconscious. B. F. Skinner, a well known†¦show more content†¦Educator’s and parents need to be very careful, in my opinion, when using only this approach with their children. Humanists will not label any behavior as â€Å"bad† or â€Å"wrong† but instead they will focus on the individuals right to choose what they will do or what decision they make on their own. In schools today I believe we place to much emphasis on making the child feel they have done well no matter the level of work they have produced or the actions they have chosen to take. The humanistic approach can work well when trying to improve a child’s self-esteem or cure shyness but, when a child is not told they are doing something wrong how will they then learn what is considered right and wrong in society? â€Å"Weve got youngsters here now who . . . are under the authority of the school [and] are being persuaded that there is a better way, and that way is to make their own decisions. Theyre being induced to make decisions about activities that the citizenry of the state have decided are wrong† (http://www.probe.org/docs/psy-educ.html) When used in conjunction with behaviorism and cognitive psychology a child will gain a much better understanding of their place in the world as well as what is expected of them in regards to behavior. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; â€Å"Many psychologists have accepted the cognitive perspective – where the focus is on how thought occurs, memory processes, andShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. In 1879, at a germanRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesOne: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study, regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became interested in psychology whenRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term â€Å"psyche† is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestaltRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesPaper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the BehavioristRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology850 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank ourselves next to anotherRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1703 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predi ct the behavior of people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience will learnRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the OctoberRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesHow is ps ychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/intr

Analysis Of Cloud Computing And Cyber Security - 1695 Words

CLOUD COMPUTING AND NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES(Z5140305) Executive Summary In this fast-paced technology era, organizations are always looking for new innovative ways to increase productivity and efficiency. One emerging technology adopted by many organisations is cloud computing. Cloud computing is a model that uses internet and remote servers for maintaining data and applications (Association of Modern Technologies Professionals 2017). It replaces expensive infrastructure and need of maintenance. Cloud provides access to data anytime, anywhere over the internet. However, like any cyber technology cloud computing is vulnerable to various kinds of cyber-attacks (Amna Riaz 2017). The large scale of cloud computing and virtualization†¦show more content†¦HIDS and NIDS have their own strength and limitations. HIDS is not well suited to provide visibility in the Virtual machines (VMs) (Amna Riaz 2017). NIDS can be employed within the Virtual machines but would be incapable of detecting attacks occurring within the network (C. Modi 2013, p.49). Various other techniques have been studied where NIDS can be provided at the Virtual switch to collects inbound and outbound traffic from all VMs and log it. Use of security onion tools such as SNORT could help to detect DoS or DDoS attack. However, processing all packets in large virtual network could create issue and it may fail to detect attacks in time (Amna Riaz 2017). Using OSSEC as HIDS in the cloud computing could help to resolve analysing and integrating the huge log files. OSSEC is an open source host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS). It has a powerful association and analysis mechanism, active response and real-time alerting (C. Ambikavathi and S. K. Srivatsa 2016, p. 4). Software-defined networking (SDN) is next evolving technology for the cloud computing as it provides a centralized system to manage the network. Scalable monitoring and dynamic reconfiguration requirements of the network makes SDN a perfect choice (Amna Riaz 2017). Our aim in this document is to provide an informative primer on security issues of the cloud computing and various IDS tools to combat the security issues. We concluded the document after analysing that every process has itsShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Legislation On State Of Maryland1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper is to research and evaluate the legislative drivers for information security programs of State of Maryland in order to improve the information security policy to prevent loss of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of agency operations, organizational assets or individuals with new amendments in legislation. This paper elaborates the objectives of five proposals that would impact the information security policy of the State of Maryland upon becoming legislation. State of MarylandRead MoreCyber Security : A New Form Of Crime1594 Words   |  7 Pages Cyber Security is considered to be one of the hot topics in modern era. It is a national security challenge that the United States and other countries face today. Cyber Security is an important factor to be considered if one is to be able to protect oneself from malicious people and software from the internet. While the Internet has been providing immense opportunities to individuals, organizations, and nations in diverse areas, at the same time it has also given birth to a new form of crime – cybercrimeRead MoreVirtual Machine Intrusions939 Words   |  4 Pagescontinues to work unaffectedly even in the presence of an intrusion. This capability is missing in HIDS and NIDS. In the case of a compromise, HIDS starts reporting falsely while NIDS has limited visibility (Amna Riaz 2017). Analysis of Intrusions Detection tools for Cloud Computing Each IDS technique has its own strengths and limitations. HIDS deployed on a virtual machine comes with the inherent flaw of low attack resistance (). It provides good visibility into the system; however, a HIDS on theRead MoreCloud Based Solutions for Computer Aided Engineering804 Words   |  3 PagesCloud Based Solutions for Computer Aided Engineering As cloud computing and services become increasing popular, companies like Autodesk and Ciespace are providing cloud based solutions for computer-aided engineering (CAE). The various computer software used to aid in engineering simulation and analysis tasks will be provided as a services. The cloud based CAE have various advantages over non-cloud based CAE. It is more convenient, cheaper and efficient. 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Since the hardware and software is owned by a third party, the upgrade and maintenance costs are the responsibility of the third party and this can be a significant gain for business that no longer have to absorb those costs. Even though cloud computing seems to be more cost effective than having those servicesRead MoreGovernmental Support For Cyber Physical System Research1006 Words   |  5 PagesGovernmental Support for Cyber Physical System Research Cyber Physical Systems research has garner support from several sectors within the public and private sector. NITRD has supported CPS SSG ( Senior Steering Groups) that supports Research and development (RD), budgets , policy endorsements, Joint planning program, and training CPS works in coordination with academia. Other activities perform with CP SSG is recommendation for Federal CPS RD priorities. CPS coordinate with otherRead MoreCloud Computing1303 Words   |  6 PagesCloud Computing CIS 500 August 28, 2012 Introduction The world is turning to cloud computing to manage data. Businesses are at the forefront of this new trend with companies such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and others leading the way by providing these services. What exactly is cloud computing? According to Turban amp; Volonino (2011), cloud computing is Internet- based computing in which shared resources (such as hard drives for storage) and software apps are provided to computers andRead MoreSecurity Enhancement Strategies And Strategies1660 Words   |  7 Pages VI. SECURITY ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES: Some of the strategies and defensive measures that can be incorporated in the cloud environment to overcome the threats and challenges mentioned in the above section are as follows. In order to provide protection to the computer system and to the network, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be employed, which will detect hostile activities in the host or network and generates alerts to provide notifications regarding such malicious intrusions. IDS also hasRead MoreRisk Assessment Is The Top Priority For Any Type Is Impenetrable1671 Words   |  7 Pagesare very vulnerable to any holes that are within its infrastructure. In fact, many may believe that they have the best security measures in place, but no system or network of any type is impenetrable (Trim Lee, 2014). Risk assessments are extremely necessary so that corrective countermeasures can be applied and overall security can be enhanced (Broder Tucker, 2011). Security should ensure that this is the top priority for any company or organization. A detailed risk assessment shows which policies

National Service Retail Market Currently †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The National Service Retail Market Currently? Answer: Introducation Coles Ltd is the subsidiary of Wesfarmers Ltd and is a national full service retail market that is currently serving more than 20 million customers. The reason for selecting this particular organization is that it is one of the subsidiary of largest retail supermarket operating in Australia. Aim of coal is to provide people with quality, trust, value and service. Organization has online platform providing groceries, fresh foods, fuel, liquor and general merchandize to customers. Coles Ltd has many department or division such as online, liquor, financial services, express (Block et al. 2015). Porters five forces are an instrument for competitive analysis and it depicts about intensity of competition in industry such as retail. . There are five competitive forces that shapes the strategy of Coles ltd and it provides a holistic way of looking at the retail industry. All the five forces has underlying drivers that helps in differentiating the organization. Coles Ltd is able to formulate strategies based on the five forces. The strong excellence of organization is that it has diverse business operation that helps in commanding profit in market. It helps in distinguishing market attractiveness of business and determination of attractiveness. Five forces affecting the business and excellence of organization are as follows. Threat of new entrants is one of the factor of porters five force (Dhliwayo 2014). There are some or more of threats for every business. Price leadership position of organization can be impacted by pricing strategies of competitors. Market entry threat for Co les Ltd is low and competition in this industry to this organization comes from small supermarkets and independent grocers. Competitive rivalry for Coles is medium to high due to unique and different operating model. Buyers marketing power- Organization is able to recognize the revenue by passing the rewards of goods ownership to buyers. Bargaining power of byers is too high. Suppliers marketing power- Collaborative, long-term and deeper relationship with suppliers has helped the organization to focus on improving fresh foods offered. Coles are able to create a cost effective environment by its continued transition to suppliers. Brand penetration of organization was expanded by the implementation of partnership program with key suppliers. Suppliers has considerable influence over them by organization due to their large market share. Existing rivalry among competitors impacting the Coles business. Efficiency and profitability of Cole was improved due to adopting and incorporating cus tomer-focusing strategy. Coles has experienced a steady growth in their revenue due to delivering better quality and investing in lower prices through development of strong store base and Australian first sourcing policy (Rashidirad et al. 2013). Availability of substitutes is another force of Porters analysis. There are for main competitors in the retail industry with similar price and therefore the threat of substitution is from high to medium. From the above analysis of Porters five forces, to can be said that organization has been excellence in various aspects driven by the five forces. For competing with organization such, competitor would require brand name, huge infrastructure and supply chain. A continued market dominance is enjoyed by Coles and therefore making it a powerful supermarket. Woolworths limited: Woolworths is the largest supermarket operating in Australia and the priority of organization is to place customers at top. The reason for selecting this particular organization is that it is the largest organization in retail industry. It intends to build a great team of retail that listens, meets all the needs of customer, suppliers, and provides them with experience shopping experience. Many factors are driving the success and excellence of organization such as choice, technology and demand. The company is forced to decrease the price due to strong bargaining power of customers as the attribution of purchase stores. One of the major strategies that leads to its excellence is delivering lower priced products for meeting the needs of customers (Rao 2017). The Porters five forces explain the competitive analysis of Woolworths. Woolworths majority customers are individual buyers having strong bargaining power. The bargaining power of suppliers is low as their dependence of suppliers is low indicating that bargaining power of suppliers is weak. There are several reason attributing to insignificance of threat of new entrants or retailers in the industry. Excellence in quality foods and huge number of stores are involved in operating the business. For new entrants, there is risks associated with losing the investment as Woolworths provide a high degree of competition to the potential entrants. Nonetheless, the long-term profitability of organization is impacted by the pricing actions that has resulted in considerable concern among suppliers. Another excellence are of organization is supplying the products by promoting sustainable agriculture (Lillis and Sweeney 2013). Another force is threat of availability of substitutes service and produ cts- A high degree of competition is faced by business of Woolworths and for organization to face competition and build its brand image and reputation, some of innovative and competitive strategies sis enjoyed by business. One of the most important factor in the retailing industry is pricing strategy and therefore, in terms of substitutes of products and services, Woolworths faces high degree of competition (Porter and Lee 2015). Organization is at par in terms of excellence in products provided. There is high level of concentration in Woolworths market and the market share is limited by strong competitors presence. Woolworths is continuously is making effective strategies and creating competitive forces that has helped it in differentiating itself from other competitors. Woolworths has variable access to the distribution channel and all the existing competitors somewhat enjoy the same features. One of the most important factor in retail industry is pricing strategy and the customer decision process comprised of price of goods and convenience. For creating distinctive that will assist in creating excellence, Woolworth should have strategic alliance with organization that will help in enhancing their performance, adopting a culture of cost leadership, development that is people focused and proliferation (E. Dobbs 2014). Reference: Block, J.H., Kohn, K., Miller, D. and Ullrich, K., 2015. Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy.Small Business Economics,44(1), pp.37-54. Dhliwayo, S., 2014. Entrepreneurship and competitive strategy: An integrative approach.The Journal of Entrepreneurship,23(1), pp.115-135. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Lillis, B. and Sweeney, M., 2013. Managing the fit between the views of competitive strategy and the strategic role of service operations.European Management Journal,31(6), pp.564-590. Porter, M.E. and Lee, T.H., 2015. Why strategy matters now.New England Journal of Medicine,372(18), pp.1681-1684. Rao, C.B., 2017.Competitive strategy. Notion Press. Rashidirad, M., Soltani, E. and Syed, J., 2013. Strategic alignment between competitive strategy and dynamic capability: Conceptual framework and hypothesis development.Strategic Change,22(3?4), pp.213-224. Riasi, A., 2015. Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model.Business Management and Strategy,6(2), pp.15-2

The play An Inspector Calls Essay Example

The play An Inspector Calls Essay The play An Inspector Calls was written in the 1940s by J. B Priestley and takes place within one single room. This creates a tense and enclosed atmosphere for the reader. An unusual factor of the play is that it is set in the past, in 1912 which gives the writer the power to make the characters look wise or foolish. It gives J. B Priestley the opportunity to play God with the characters and in doing so adds humour to the play. The obvious examples of this are shown through the characters, Arthur Birling and the Inspector. The Germans dont want war. Nobody wants war, except some half-civilised folks in the Balkans. And The Titanic-she sails next week-forty six thousand eight hundred tons-New York in five days-and every luxury-and unsinkable. The play is certainly not ordinary. It carries a message and is intended to make a statement of a worldly nature. It is a hidden message portrayed through the characters lives uncovered by one individual character. The play wasnt just intended to entertain people, yet sixty years on it does. It highlights topics which are relevant to today. Throughout the play the play there is a strong sense of responsibility that a lot of people lack in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The play An Inspector Calls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The play An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The play An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The play is based on every mans faults the seven deadly sins. It shows the reader how the tiniest of actions can lead to unthinkable consequences. Priestleys writing was influenced by his past experiences. He fought in World War 1 and survived. He believed that people should look out for each other and help in anyway possible. He was one of the people who Mr Birling described. Cranks who think that everyone has to look after everyone else. J. B Priestley creates characters that he didnt like and turns the reader against them by focusing on their negative views to life. He creates a family that is very pleased with itself and states this is in the stage directions therefore it is obvious from the start that he would punish them somehow. The characters are more of a convenience family. They act close and loving when it suits them the most. At the moment they have all had a good dinner, are celebrating a special occasion, and are pleased with themselves. The family have a house, not a home. They havent created it themselves; they have no close relationship and are distant from each other. The general effect is substantial and heavily comfortable, but not cosy and homelike. The play begins with a family celebration, Mr Birlings daughter engagement to Gerald Croft whose parents owned a business that was competing with Birlings. Birling saw this as an opportunity to bring the two businesses together and indulge in more money. Your father and I have been friendly rivals in business for some time now though Crofts Limited are both older and bigger than Birling and Company and now youve brought us together, and perhaps we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but working together for lower costs and higher prices. The play is based around one girl, with a variety of names. All of the characters relate to her in some way or form and are all associated with her suicide. They are overcome by the seven deadly sins and with them devastation soon follows showing us what can happen if you ignore Eva Smith. The most important character in the play is the Inspector, he is the catalyst that synthesises the characters and controls the whole outcome of the play. His purpose is to change the Birlings perspective and views on life and to teach them a lesson that we all need to learn. He enters the Birling house at a most interesting time in the play, just when Arthur Birling is giving a speech on how people should look out for themselves and nobody else. That a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own and. Just as Arthur Birling has commented on his own perfect family and world, the Inspector comes in to take it apart. It was almost as if the Inspector knew what was going to be said and had planned this particular timing. Arthur Birling did not want a public scandal and the audience could sense that something was going to happen as soon as he joked about it. I gather theres a good chance of a knighthood so long as we behave ourselves, dont get into the police court or start a scandal eh? The Inspector prolongs the tension in the play by going through each character in turn, slowly unravelling the mystery of Eva Smith. This provides entertainment for the audience and keeps them in suspense. He seems to know too much about the family and enters the play as an Inspector but from then on begins to act strangely. He makes statements and judgements that an Inspector wouldnt. Sheila Birling is the first character to notice this. With his unknown knowledge, the Inspector pieces the whole play together by breaking down each character in turn by their interactions with Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. The first person to meet and have an effect on Eva Smith is Arthur Birling, the head of the Birling household. This character we grow to dislike. He loves the sound of his own voice and enjoys making long speeches of how high in society he believes he is. He is consumed by his own glory and in his arrogance begins the trauma of Eva Smiths life. They wanted the rates raised so that they could average about twenty-five shillings a week. I refused, of course. and She had a lot to say far too much so she had to go. This portrays the first deadly sin in the play Greed. Arthur Birling is full of it, including his self importance. Due to his greed, Eva Smith was left out of work with no money for the sake of a few pounds. The next character to be involved with Eva Smith was Sheila Birling, the daughter of Arthur. At the beginning of the play she is very immature and spoilt. She uses her wealth to influence others and to get her own way. She uses this against Eva, and with it being at a very vulnerable time for Eva, it casts a huge impact on her life, losing her, her next job and also ensuring her to not being able to work at other stores. I looked silly in the thing. Well this girl had brought the dress up from the workroom, and when the assistant Miss Francis had asked her something about it, this girl, to show us what she meant, had held the dress up, as if she was wearing it. And it just suited her. This introduces the sin of Jealousy. Sheila was jealous of Eva because she was prettier than she was and the dress suited her. The sin, Vanity is also portrayed through this character with her obsession of looks. Both of these sins combined led her to lose the girl her job which made things even worse for Eva. I went to the manager at Milwards and I told him that if they didnt get rid of that girl, Id never go near that place again and Id persuade mother to close our account with them. Despite how horrible the things Sheila caused for Eva, she is genuinely sorry for what she had done and is perhaps the only character to have actually have learnt something from the events in the play. Although she was immature in the opening scenes, the whole experience had changed her and opened up an entire different view for her. She is indeed the most mature one of the family and refuses to just go back to how they were before and tries to convince the others to do the same. The next character to be broken apart by the Inspector is Gerald Croft. He had a large contribution to Eva Smiths heartbreaking situation at the end, due to his affair and abandoning of her when he liked it the most. Gerald was the most important thing in Evas life and despite his misguided intentions; he actually did something positive for Eva and gave her somewhere to live. She became Geralds mistress and in this Gerald displays the sin Lust. Gerald didnt feel the same way as Eva felt about him. If she ever did find out that Gerald didnt love her, her heart would be broken again! Yes. I suppose it was inevitable. She was young and pretty and warm-hearted-and intensely grateful. I became the most important person in her life- you understand? It is obvious from this that Gerald is fairly conceited and believes in his own interests. Despite this, I dont think that Gerald had a great part in Eva committing suicide, as she had already knew at the beginning of their relationship that it wouldnt last, and couldnt be! So it wasnt much of a shock to her. The only bad thing that Gerald has done was being unfaithful to Sheila Birling. This leads onto Sybil Birling, the wife of Arthur. She is very snobbish and doesnt care about anyone else apart from herself. She believes herself as charitable, yet when Eva comes to her for help, she rejects her. Sybil is a member of the Brumley Womens Charity Organisation and when she asks for Evas name, Eva replies with Mrs. Birling. This makes Sybil angry and uses her power to dismiss Evas plea for help. This creates an even bigger problem for Eva, she has no money, no home and the people whose job it is to help her turn her away. Due to Sybil Birlings pride of her own name, she had a massive affect on Evas future and the outcome of the play. Yes, I think it was simply a piece of gross impertinence-quite deliberate-and naturally that was one of the things that prejudiced me against her case. Even though Sybil had a huge impact on the young girl, she still wont take any responsibility of the girls death. She certainly hadnt learnt anything from the Inspector and is controlled by the deadly sin Pride. Im sorry she should have come to such a horrible end. But I accept no blame for it at all. Eric Birling is the last person to be interrogated by the inspector and we instantly know that he is the father of Eva Smiths child whom Sybil mentioned when describing Evas situation. Eric Birling is a drunken, misguided youngster and shames the Birling family. He got Eva Smith pregnant and admits that he did not love her or feel anything for her. Although Eric did not love her, he did everything he could for her but she refused to marry him. Still, he wanted to help her and offered her money from his fathers safe, claming he would return it as soon as he could. Eva wouldnt take it as she knew it was stolen. This was the last point in Eva Smiths life that she could take. She was having a child; she had no job and no husband. This resulted in her taking her own life. Eric commits the sins, Gluttony, Lust and Sloth and is the worst of the other characters in this form, yet he learns from his mistakes and with Sheila they benefit from the whole experience, possibly because of them being the younger generation. In the last scene, the Inspector makes a moving, political kind of speech, possibly the most important in the play. In it pain and anguish are described and leave an unforgettable mark on the audience and the characters in the play One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. We dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. This long speech appears very much like something from the Bible, a Christian view perhaps of what will happen if we disobey. J. B Priestley gives very political speeches shown through his writing of his views on life. This makes the play interesting as he has the power to influence or punish the characters and prove that these aspects of life do matter! The simplest of mistakes engage in terrifying consequences, some unavoided, but what isnt is the choice to make things right! After the Inspector leaves, the characters are left terrified and shocked but when Gerald tells them about the inspector and the check at the hospital and police station they immediately claim it to be a hoax and return to how they were before the Inspectors arrival. But, Sheila and Eric Birling still hold onto the conviction that it is anything but a joke and refuse to act like nothing has happened. This does not satisfy J. B Priestley as some of the characters have not learnt their lesson and the audience want to see Mrs and Mr Birling punished for their lack of compassion and guilt towards the girl. Just as the audience are led to believe that the play is over, the play turns around and is disturbed by a phone call. It is the police informing them that a girl has died in the infirmary, and that an Inspector is coming round to see them. This leaves the audience and reader in suspense causing them to wonder whats going to happen next. Yet, they are left with emptiness and guilt as the characters gaze round in disbelief. The play is uncovered by the Inspector, this one character that holds the entire play together. The mystery of this characters identity is never answered; it leaves our imagination to figure that one out. There are many possible solutions, one of which, the hoax that the family believe has happened. Realistically, this is highly unlikely, as the Hoaxer would have to know a lot of information about the family and for this to come together, they would also have had to kill Eva Smith, and therefore this is the most illogical solution. Another is that the Inspector was an evil spirit; this emerges from the Inspectors name, Inspector Goole, with ghoul being a supernatural being. This also doesnt seem to be true, as the Inspector displays a message of goodness and truth. Consequently, the Inspector cannot be evil, so it cannot be explained in this way. The truth is that the Inspector is J. B Priestley; he unravels his thoughts to display a personal message to his audience that we are all equal to each other. The Inspector represents us, the audience and for our benefit takes the characters apart. Eva Smith and the other characters are still alive today; they are just versions of us. The purpose of the play is to get this message across to us and young people. The play manages to grip the audiences attention and fascination throughout the play. The unusual factors that make up the play add and develop entertainment. The play is based around the seven deadly sins which make it interesting to see which characters commit which sins. The whole mystery of the Inspector could form the play in itself, yet combined with all the other events in the play makes it extremely appetising for the audience. The play involves a huge build up of tension and makes the reader want to read on. It forces them to realise that we all have to deal with problems and cant do it alone. The play enforces feelings towards certain characters and enables us to favour or dislike them which give us the urgency to persevere with the play to find out the outcome of it. The theme of responsibly certainly is carried throughout the play and gives the audience an unforgettable experience which could possibly lead them to benefit and listen to the message that has always been there.

Antigone Tragic Hero essays

Antigone Tragic Hero essays In the novel Antigone Sophocles, the author, depicts the tragic hero Creon to the fullest extent. Sophocles portrays Creon as a tragic hero by the characteristics shown throughout the story. Creon is a character that is easy to relate to in a number of ways. First, he contains many flaws which in result causes many problems. This is seen in the decision he made of becoming hubris. Hubris is a Greek term for insolence and is referred to the emotions in Greek tragic heroes and ignores the gods and thus invite catastrophe. Catastrophe is all Creon got as the novel progressed into the climax. His choices and decisions end up deciding the fates of his son, wife, and Antigone. After having an encounter however with Teiresias, Creon comes around to realize what he has done is sinful to the gods. He has put his own pride over the fact of appreciating the gods. The character Creon may not be seen as a tragic hero because of his tasteless acts, but he contains the traits eligible to be the tra gic hero in Antigone. As seen in the novel, Creon exhibits habits seen in todays life, even though Sophocles wrote this novel a long time ago. It is obvious that Creon displays an immense amount of stubbornness throughout the story. An example is seen when Antigone wishes to give her brother, Polynieces a proper burial so he can go and be with the Gods. Creon as king wishes to have him rot in the fields of war because he disowned the state in the war that preceded the events. Antigone fights for her beliefs of the divine law that one should always receive a proper burial after death, but Creon refuses and throws Antigone in jail. His stubbornness is seen here in this quote, Go join them, then: if you must have your love, find it in hell!(pg286). As seen in the quote, even after Antigone clearly makes sense in what she was doing, and the prophet also agrees with her, Creon turns to the ...

Stop looking and start writing - Emphasis

Stop looking and start writing Stop looking and start writing Conducting endless research can make you depressed and not just because you miss all your deadlines. According to psychologist Barry Schwartz, we often find it hard to make up our minds when faced with a surplus of possibilities. And this can make us miserable. Its not surprising writers are prone to falling into this trap. If theres one thing the internet offers us, its everything. And the wealth of information online means it can be tricky knowing when to stop looking, and to start writing. Less is more We tend to assume the more options, the better. But in his book The Paradox of Choice, Schwartz points out that our obsession with freedom of choice, fuelled by our consumer culture, has led to the increasing complexity of everyday decisions. For example, think about going online: whether its selecting a salad dressing or material for your report, we are subjected to an overload of promising links, images and information. And even when we pick a path, we are often only too aware of the alternatives we had to forego. No matter the genuine benefits our actual preference may bring us, the imagined superiority of the roads not taken can make us feel like weve missed out. Schwartz illustrates this decision-making paralysis with an anecdote about a company giving its employees the opportunity to invest in voluntary retirement plans. For every ten options on offer, participation dropped by two per cent. So one in 50 people effectively passed up $5,000 a year in contributions from their employers rather than make a choice. The problem was that they were offered too many ways to invest. Time out Adrian Hon, a neuroscientist and founder of online games company Six To Start, believes the only way to regain some control is to artificially limit our choices, by way of a secular Sabbath: a day without technology. Although he had the expected initial pang when disconnecting, he also found it liberating. After all, he says, It wasnt worth worrying about work or chores because there was nothing I could do about them for the next 24 hours. Were not suggesting you corner your boss and announce your own weekly secular Sabbath starting on Monday (although that would be nice). But switching off all your gadgets every now and then could not only give you space and time to finish that report it could also improve your wellbeing.

Describe the legal and administrative framework of the federal Research Paper

Describe the legal and administrative framework of the federal procurement process - Research Paper Example The FAR is issued jointly by the Department of Defense (DoD), the General Services Administration (GSA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It applies not only to direct purchases made by the government, but also to purchases made by federal grant recipients. In other countries such as India, different procurement rules apply at the federal level, in the states and territories, to the central public sector units, and to public sector enterprises. Procurement is regulated through executive directives at the federal level. The Rules were revised in 2005 to afford greater flexibility while ensuring accountability in government transactions. Instructions were issued by the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) to supplement these regulations. At the federal level, procurement is administered by the individual government agencies. India has not established an authority that is exclusively responsible for defining procurement policies and for overseeing compliance wi th the established procedures. In Australia, the Finance Minister issues Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines (CPG's). It outlines Australian federal procurement requirements. ... to be used for standing orders, which covers the procurement of several of the most commonly purchased assets including automobiles, fuel, office supplies and professional services. If the purchase surpass monetary values set for different categories, the PWGSC opens the procurement up to the bidding process. It advertises it on the Government Electronic Tendering Service. Federal procurement generally requires competitive bidding on contracts which exceed a certain monetary threshold. A request for proposal (RFP) is issued with specific guidelines. After which, the bids are submitted for review. The contract is usually given to the bidder, which can meet all of the essential specifications at the lowest price. Exemptions can occur in cases where only one source of supply exists, or when one supplier has proven to be far superior in performance to the others. Getting into the federal procurement system is hard. There are many who try. However, only the few who will persevere will be accepted. The settlements of being on the inside of federal procurement are continuous. One is that once you make it inside the system, you are inside for a long time. The government changes slowly and that includes vendors. Another reason is that the federal government’s checks do not bounce. And the biggest reason to grind it out for government procurement is that the government does nothing small. However, there is a need to understand how the government work as a profession has been sought after as a secure position where on does not get laid off, but does get an awesome retirement, and federal holidays. The downside is there is not much upward mobility, the environment does not like initiative or creativity, and the pay is typically lower than industry norms. Civil service workers

Managing multiculural teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing multiculural teams - Essay Example The article provided an example of American team working with a Korean group. The Americans communicated a problem directly to the superiors of the Korean team. This created lots of problems because in Korea the cultural norm is for the Korean workers to explain the problems to their superiors, not for outsiders to identify the problems. Resistance to change often occurs in multicultural work teams. It is hard for people from different cultures to accept the social norms of others. The language barrier can create communication problems in multicultural teams. The knowledge I gained from reading this article can be put to good in the future by me. I leaned that it is imperative to have patience and understanding when working in multicultural teams. Due to the diversity of the U.S. workforce it is common for employees to face situations that require cultural understanding. The United States is a multicultural society. I realize after reading this article that the cultural factor is a variable that must be considered by managers. An issue that was mentioned in the article that can lead to miscommunication is direct and indirect communications. Sometimes indirect communication can lead to problems because an employee may misinterpret the message. In the future I planned on taking a proactive approach to multicultural team settings. I will study and learn about the culture of my co-workers in order to better understand their point of views. The four strategies that were suggested by the author of the article to deal with multicultural team issues were adaptation, structural intervention, managerial intervention, and exit. The adaptation strategy is more effective when team members are willing to acknowledge and name their cultural differences and assume responsibility for figuring out to live with them (Brett & Behfar & Kern). A positive aspect of this strategy

When Choosing a Career Path Essay Example for Free

When Choosing a Career Path Essay The first step that students can use to choose the career that is right for them is to take a career test. One of the most popular of these tests is known as the Holland Scale. It has six different category areas that students are attracted to such as investigative, social, or artistic. Based on these different areas, students can explore careers based on their interests (Joanna Saison). Evaluate Strengths and Skills When a student has figured out the general idea of his or her career path, the next step in the process is for them to evaluate and find out what their strengths and skills are. These are known as transferable skills (Joanna Saison)[1]. Examples of some of these skills are management and leadership skills, oral and written communication, public speaking or computer literacy (Joanna Saison)[2]. Develop Skills and Experience The authors in the article cited above also mention that if a person discovers that they lack the skills and experience needed for their chosen career field, there are several steps that they can take to gain the skills and experience necessary. First of all, a person who is employed can investigate to find out if they can get trained on the job. They can also look to find out if there are ways to be involved in projects that help to develop skills (Joanna Saison). Students also have access to resources in their community to develop their skills and experience. Chambers of Commerce in their area or state job development programs is a few of the resources that are available (Joanna Saison). Students are also able to increase their skills and experience by being involved with volunteer work or internships. The benefit of an internship is that you are able to work with people in your chosen career field (Joanna Saison). Some fields or industries have specific educational requirements and skills. An example of this would be that if a student is planning on getting into the education field, an education degree would be required. A few more options available to students are that they can take night classes or become involved with school on a part time basis (Joanna Saison). Other Factors Involved in Choosing a Career The previous section covered some of the more obvious factors involved for students trying to figure out a career path that is right for them. This next section discusses and analyzes some other factors that may be involved in choosing the right career. Are you an Introvert or Extrovert? If a student is an introvert, they will be spending much of their time alone. On the other hand, if a student is an extrovert, they will do very well in social interactions (Factors to Consider When Choosing a Career)[3]. Goals and Rewards a Person is Looking For Based on the article cited above, another factor that students may want to take into consideration is what goals and rewards they consider important for themselves. Stated another way, this can also mean what is more valued by the individual person. The author states that â€Å"some people desire to help others directly, while others seek independence and autonomy.† (Factors to Consider When Choosing a Career)[4] Career Resources for Students and Teachers The objective of this report up to this point has been to assist students on how to find career related information. The next section is going to discuss how to choose the right career using a government source. The Bureau of Labor Statistics website contains a section that lists career resources that are designed for use by teachers and students. It is located at http://www.bls.gov/audience/students.htm. Once a student is at that page, they would then need to click on this link. This section gives students access to over 60 occupations by interest or subject area. In addition, students can find out what tasks of their chosen occupation are, how to prepare for that occupation, what kind of salary they can expect and the job outlook for their chosen occupation (U. B. Statistics). Upon clicking on the hyperlink documented above, a student will discover that there is another page that groups job titles based on the skill. This means that those careers that use reading as the main skill are classified into their separate category and those jobs that use math as a main skill are grouped into that category. For example, if a student had the desire to choose a career where managing money is important, they would click on the words managing money (B. o. Statistics, What Do you Like?) To further expand on this vast topic, as an example, let us consider if a student wanted to choose one of the careers associated with managing money. The careers listed are Accountant, Financial Analyst, Loan Officer, Bookkeeping Clerk, and Real Estate Agent. If for instance, a student wanted to pursue a career as an accountant, they would click that job title when they go to the following source: (B. o. Statistics, Accountant) Upon clicking on the job title accountant, the student would then discover that there are several different types of accountants. There are public accountants, management accountants, government accountants and internal auditors listed as job titles (B. o. Statistics, Accountant)[5]. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the majority of accountants have a college degree in accounting. If however, a student had a desire to be a public accountant, they would be required to take a special test. Upon successfully passing that test, the student would get a certification. They would then need to get a license from the state in which they reside. As of May 2008, the average salary for accountants and auditors was $65,840 (B. o. Statistics, Accountant)[6]. A student can access information about another career by following the process of steps described above.

Triangulated Polygons Essay -- Mathematics

From the beginning of time there have been many anomalies in humanity. With the advancement of techniques, tools, and knowledge, our understanding of the world aspires to clarify our curiosities. The most beneficial to factors throughout our history would include our knowledge of numbers. Numbers hold great possibilities and bring forth answers to the most complex systems of life. Our mathematics is incorporated into basic aspects of our daily lives, allowing us to unlock our potentials and give keys to uncover the hidden secrets in the universe. There are many applications to mathematics such as triangulating polygons. Triangulation is a surveying technique in which a region is divided into a series of triangular elements based on a line of known length so that accurate measurements of distances and directions may be made by the application of trigonometry. (Company, 2009) Since its discovery, triangulation has lent the world many beneficial advantages. Polygons exist as multi-sided shapes. These shapes can be subdivided into many non-overlapping triangles. These triangles connect corners to corners, creating diagonals that section it off. These sections are called convex hulls. The many uses of algorithms allow anyone to calculate these triangular hulls. The mathematics behind triangulating polygons was originated in Alexandria by the man, Euclides. Euclides was a Greek mathematician who was highly revered as the â€Å"Father of Geometry.† Euclides possessed a mysterious personal life, because his life was not documented and often confused with others. He taught many children mathematics during the reign of Ptolemy. His father and grandfather were thought to be Greek, but this is not certain considering the confusion between him... ...'s Formula. Retrieved from ENRICH: http://nrich.maths.org/1384 Company, H. M. (2009). Triangulation. Retrieved from TheFreeDictionary by Farlex: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/triangulation csunplugged. (2010, October 30). Santa's Dirty Socks (Divide and Conquer Algorithms). Retrieved from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVPCT1VjySA lecture, P. T. (1993). Triangulations and Arrangements. McGill University. Math Open Reference. (2009). Euclid. Retrieved from Math Open Reference: http://www.mathopenref.com/euclid.html Suksak, P. S. (2010, November 30). Catalan Numbers Presentation 2. Retrieved from Slide Share: http://www.slideshare.net/PaiSukanyaSuksak/catalan-number-presentation2 Teter, M. (2000, March 15). Sonar a way of seeing sound. Retrieved from Cornell Center for Material Research: http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=260 Triangulated Polygons Essay -- Mathematics From the beginning of time there have been many anomalies in humanity. With the advancement of techniques, tools, and knowledge, our understanding of the world aspires to clarify our curiosities. The most beneficial to factors throughout our history would include our knowledge of numbers. Numbers hold great possibilities and bring forth answers to the most complex systems of life. Our mathematics is incorporated into basic aspects of our daily lives, allowing us to unlock our potentials and give keys to uncover the hidden secrets in the universe. There are many applications to mathematics such as triangulating polygons. Triangulation is a surveying technique in which a region is divided into a series of triangular elements based on a line of known length so that accurate measurements of distances and directions may be made by the application of trigonometry. (Company, 2009) Since its discovery, triangulation has lent the world many beneficial advantages. Polygons exist as multi-sided shapes. These shapes can be subdivided into many non-overlapping triangles. These triangles connect corners to corners, creating diagonals that section it off. These sections are called convex hulls. The many uses of algorithms allow anyone to calculate these triangular hulls. The mathematics behind triangulating polygons was originated in Alexandria by the man, Euclides. Euclides was a Greek mathematician who was highly revered as the â€Å"Father of Geometry.† Euclides possessed a mysterious personal life, because his life was not documented and often confused with others. He taught many children mathematics during the reign of Ptolemy. His father and grandfather were thought to be Greek, but this is not certain considering the confusion between him... ...'s Formula. Retrieved from ENRICH: http://nrich.maths.org/1384 Company, H. M. (2009). Triangulation. Retrieved from TheFreeDictionary by Farlex: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/triangulation csunplugged. (2010, October 30). Santa's Dirty Socks (Divide and Conquer Algorithms). Retrieved from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVPCT1VjySA lecture, P. T. (1993). Triangulations and Arrangements. McGill University. Math Open Reference. (2009). Euclid. Retrieved from Math Open Reference: http://www.mathopenref.com/euclid.html Suksak, P. S. (2010, November 30). Catalan Numbers Presentation 2. Retrieved from Slide Share: http://www.slideshare.net/PaiSukanyaSuksak/catalan-number-presentation2 Teter, M. (2000, March 15). Sonar a way of seeing sound. Retrieved from Cornell Center for Material Research: http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=260

Case Study James Dyson

JAMES DYSON CASE Introduction You know the feeling when some everyday product lets you down. You wish someone could solve the problem. James Dyson does that. He is a man who likes to make things work better. With his research team he has developed products that have achieved sales of over $10 billion worldwide. In 1978, while vacuuming his home, James Dyson realized his bag vacuum cleaner was constantly losing suction power. He noticed how dust quickly clogged the pores of the bag and blocked the airflow, so that suction dropped rapidly. He set to work to solve this problem. Five years and 5,127 prototypes later, the world's first cyclonic bagless vacuum cleaner arrived. James Dyson offered his invention to major manufacturers. One by one they turned him down, apparently not interested in new technology. They seemed determined to continue selling bags, worth $500 million every year. Later, Hoover's vice president for Europe, Mike Rutter, said on U. K. national TV, â€Å"I do regret that Hoover as a company did not take the product technology off Dyson; it would have lain on the shelf and not been used. â€Å" Thinking about the issue of core competency and strategic capability, what is the secret of James Dyson’s competitive advantages? Early inventions The Sea Truck, Dyson's first product, was launched in 1970 whilst he was at the Royal College of Art. Sales of the Sea Truck amount to $500 million. His next product, the Ballbarrow, was a modified version of a wheelbarrow using a ball to replace the wheel. Dyson remained with the idea of a ball, inventing the Trolleyball, a trolley that launched boats. He then designed the Wheelboat which could travel at speeds of 64 km/h on both land and water. Vacuum cleaners In the late 1970s Dyson had the idea of using cyclonic separation to create a vacuum cleaner that wouldn't lose suction as it picked up dirt. He became frustrated with his Hoover Junior’s diminishing performance: dust kept clogging the bag and so it lost suction. The idea of the cyclones came from the spray-finishing room's air filter in his Ballbarrow factory. While partly supported by his art teacher wife's salary, and after five years and 5,127 prototypes, Dyson launched the ‘G-Force' cleaner in 1983, the world's first bagless vacuum cleaner. Unfortunately, no manufacturer or related distributor would launch his product in the UK as it would disturb the valuable cleaner-bag market, so Dyson launched it in Japan through catalogue sales Strong brand A key task for an entrepreneur like James Dyson is to give innovation the right look, literally and metaphorically. Brand image comprises the product, its attributes and its brand personality. Customer perception of a product and its attributes are inextricable from its perceived superiority that derives from a range of factors including technical excellence and value for money. Has he been able to appropriate the rewards of the value he has added? In an attempt to maintain their competitive advantage, Dyson and his colleagues at Malmesbury have continued to develop new innovations. Determined to create vacuum cleaners with even higher suction, they have developed an entirely new cyclone system. Dyson has developed the robot cleaner that not only makes cleaning easier but guides itself even more logically than a human being would. Then, in November 2000, he launched the world's first two-drummed washing machine, the Contrarotator. Dyson's engineers constantly re-examine products of all types, including the washing machine. They found that in the traditional automatic washing machine the fabric is not flexed all that much and that washing by hand gave better results than the single drum machine. So, Dyson developed a machine that would ‘even improve on hand washing'. Reputedly, it took four years, a million man hours and ? 25 million to develop the machine, which comes with a built-in jack and trolley and a coin trap to capture buttons and loose change.

India 2014 Elections Essay

Congress had an emphatic victory in 2009 Lok Sabha elections. UPA-2 started on a high by winning almost full majority on its own. However, their second term has been marred with controversies and corruption allegations. Starting with Commonwealth Games scam, every few months saw a new scam coming out like Adarsh Society scam and the biggest of all, the 2G scam. Fuel and commodity prices have risen sharply in the past few years adding to the woes of common man. Crusade against black money and corruption by Anna Hazare and to some extent baba Ramdev has only added to the woes of Congress. But Congress is shrewd and knows politics quite well. They know that offense is the best way to defend. For every scam or corruption news that comes out, they bounce back with equally controversial news against rival parties. Their projection of Rahul Gandhi, who has not yet proved any political sense, as a Prime Ministerial candidate may help them in their campaign build up to 2014 polls. [pic][pic]M ain opposition party Bhartiya Janata Party was left down and out after the 2009 polls. BJP’s arch enemy is not Congress but BJP itself. It’s leaders have failed to capitalize on core issues of price rise and corruption against the Congress. They should have learned from how Congress and some smaller parties have been able to successfully use the anti-minority tag against the BJP for over two decades now. BJP has also lost a lot of mass appeal leaders over the years. Most popular elader in india Atal Behari Vajpayee has now retired from active politics. Charasmatic leader and face of modern India, Pramod Mahajan was killed in a tragic incident. Stalwarts like Govindacharya and Jaswant Singh were thrown out. Prime Ministerial candidate Murli Manohar Joshi has been made to sit on the sidelines with no influence on national level politics. L K Advani is close to retirement years and firebrand Sushma Swaraj hasn’t proved to be a winner yet. That leaves the party with only one leader of mass appeal, Narendra Modi, who may not yet be ready to leave Gujara t and join National level politics. Besides, everyone knows Congress will play the anti-minority tag aginst him quite well. BJP has also destroyed its chances by not forming strategic alliances with other parties in states. It used to ahve an allaince with AIADMK in Tamil Nadu, Mamata Banerjee’s TMC in West Bengal and BJD in Orissa, but they have all left BJP group now. BJP’s loss has been Congress’s gain. Third Front parties have been reduced to play a minority role at the center over the past few years. Leaders like Lalu Yadav, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Jayalalitha, Mayawati are no longer king makers. Most of them have been left with no option then to support the ruling Govt, in this case the Congress. Left Front has already become non-existent after the debacle in 2011 Assembly elections and it’d be highly unlikely that they’d make any comeback by 2014. FOr the past few years, most third Front allies have been hob-nobbing with the Congress, which raises doubts on their very existence. Third Front was formed to combat BJP as well as Congress, but if you are going to chose Congress after the polls every time, then won’t it better for people to vote for Congress directly? Third Front needs to get its priorities right and decide on thei future survival options, because as of now their future looks bleak. The Contenders for India Elections 2014: Though Congress may not admit it yet, but Manmohan Singh may be shown the door out, and Congress may prefer to field Rahul Gandhi as its Prime Ministerial candidate in 2014. it may be too ealryfor Rahul to lead the nation as he has not proven his political accumen yet, but after the negative reviews UPA-2 is gathering, Congress amy want to chnage Manmohan Singh. As for BJP, the choice may be between one last try for L K Advani and popular leader Narendra Modi.

Renewable Energy in the UAE Essay Sample

Renewable Energy in the UAE Essay Sample Renewable Energy in the UAE Essay Sample Renewable Energy in the UAE Essay Sample UAE has for various reasons resulted to actively seeking for alternatives to replace expensive and environmentally hazardous sources of energy. The country also seeks to diversify its energy sector as well as its economy through actively developing solar energy usage. It has developed solar-energy harnessing plants, which has made the consumption of this kind of energy grow significantly in frames of the total energy consumption. The country has been actively increasing the amount of solar power plants as well as improving the technology aimed at boosting efficiency and reducing costs in all runs. Thus, this sector has seen a lot of research work done on both the materials and technology used in power generation. When the systems for tapping and storing solar energy are competitive with conventional sources, the country will be in a better position to increase the scale of energy generation and effectively replace petroleum: it will introduce an era of clean non exhaustible energy wi th very low maintenance cost. The term renewable energy has been commonly used to describe the alternative source of energy from what is considered mainstream; petroleum and coal (Alnaser Alnaser, 2011). However, the term also means a wide array of energy sources that cannot be exhausted, which means that the sources are always renewed or replenished through the Earths’ natural cycles. An example of these energy sources includes solar energy, wind geothermal energy and biomass. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with ‘green energy’ or ‘clean energy,’ which refers to energy sources that produce no emissions or pollutants in their generation and use (Rauland Newman, 2015). Renewable energy is or can be used to replace petroleum fuels in several areas that may include the generation of electricity, heating, to drive various machines, as motor fuels, or to power localized of-the-grid homes in the rural areas. This paper will look into the various types of renewable energy in use in the UAE. This paper will discuss reasons behind UAE’s high demand for energy as well as renewable energy projects being undertaken. Moreover, specific renewable energy developments, for instance, the Masdar city besides the Shams 1 scheme will be discoursed including steps taken by the UAE government to successfully and competently utilize additional renewable energy in all runs. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century- (REN 21) concluded that the renewable sources of energy constituted approximately 19% of the total energy used globally in 2014. Biomass was the most used accounting for 9%, thermal energy at 4.2%, and hydroelectricity at 3.8%. In 2012 and 2013, renewables had been used to generate 22% of the electricity consumed globally. In the year 2013, global investment in the technologies aimed at exploitation of renewable sources of energy amounted to US 214 Billion (Young, (2014). The leading countries were China and the US while the technologies that were heavily invested into included wind, solar, hydro and biofuels. The UAE The United Arab Emirates or simply ‘the Emirates’ is a country in the Arabian Headland, sharing boarders with Saudi Arabia and Oman. It shares maritime boarders with Qatar and Iran around the Persian Gulf. Several aspects make this nation have an extraordinarily high demand for energy, which may include a high population composed majorly of foreign emigrants (over 80%). The locals make a small percentage of the total population and made up about 1.4 million in 2014. The country is a confederation of seven states (Emirates), each administered by a sovereign ruler: these rulers select one of them to rule the whole country, which has Arabic as the official language and Islam as the official religion. In spite of the small size, UAE has one of the biggest per capita quantities of oil reserves in the world. Its oil reserves rank 7th in the world: the country also has 17th largest natural gas reserve in the world. After this state was founded in 1971, a large percentage of proceeds obtained from its petroleum and natural gas resources were channeled into the betterment of education, healthcare, as well as the development of highly advanced modern infrastructure (Alnaser Alnaser, 2011). It has led to the rapid industrialization and development, which made this country’s economy the most diversified in the region. Over the same period of time, the most populous city in the country, Dubai emerged as an international commercial and transport hub. The high population density, high level of industrialization and economic diversification, as well as its use as a regional business hub makes UAE have a high rate of energy consumption. Additionally, the country experiences hot summers, when all the households and offices use electricity for air conditioning. This situation significantly increases electricity consumption to an extent of making the relevant government authorities consider correcti ve measures. Summer months’ electric consumption causes a major strain to the supply grid (Alnaser Alnaser, 2011). The peak hours for air conditioning are usually between 12 noon and 6 PM in the evening. Additionally, the country lacks adequate fresh water resource for domestic and industrial consumption. As a result, a large amount of energy is consumed in the desalinization of sea water for domestic and industrial consumption. Due to large sea water desalinization plants, as well as widespread air-conditioning in the summer months, this country has the largest per capita carbon foot print. Carbon footprint refers to the total amount of carbon gasses that are produced during the production process. What may even encourage a larger carbon foot print is that petroleum-generated electricity is usually subsidized by the government before being sold to consumers at a price even less than per unit cost of its generation (International Renewable Energy Agency, 2013). Various researchers and scholars have researched and compiled materials concerning the use of renewable sources of energy in the UAE. Some of these materials focus on areas such as the generation, the use or even future plans concerning the use of renewable energy. This section focuses on such materials. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) among other parallel authorities in the seven emirates have come up with means of ensuring that the peak hour demand for electricity does not lead to damages in the grid or unnecessary costs. Measures such as avoiding wastage of grid electricity as well as using most appliances in the off-peak hours have been seen to be helpful in the short run but are ineffective and unsustainable in the medium and long run (Kumetat, 2015). Additionally, the government and other agencies have recognized the great need to use this country’s oil reserve in a sustainable way and preserve it for the future generations. The government and other agencies are attempting to shift to green and renewable energy for environmental and health benefits in all respect. For this reason, various projects, action plans and long-term investment proposals are being done to tap into the green energy for electricity generation including other domestic and industrial uses for benefits discussed earlier. Owing to the geographical locality of the country, it receives a noteworthy quantity of solar radiation, which can be utilized to produce electricity, either through photovoltaic cells (PV) or through heating (CSP) (Kumetat, 2015). Renewable energy is being considered by the UAE in spite of oil reserves it possesses. According to the Masdar Institute (UAE), IRENA and the Directorate of energy and climatic change in the Ministry of foreign affairs, raising renewable energy to 10% the totals consumption could save the country a total of $1.9billion by the year 2030. It was also established that avoiding the consumption of fossil fuel would significantly lower the overall cost of energy. Factoring in health benefits that would accrue from the use of renewable energy and reduction in the environmental pollution, renewable energy could help the country save between $1 and 3.7 billion by 2030. Since the year 2010, the cost of natural gas has been increasing, while that of PV solar panels for converting solar energy into electricity has been declining universally as a result of the improvement in know-how used in manufacturing those (Young, 2014). Additionally, the theoretical and the practical efficiencies of photovoltaic cells and panels have been on the rise. All these factors have made solar energy competitive relative to oil. Despite UAE’s large natural gas reserves, it is important to note that the country is a net importer of the same as the internal output is not able to meet the internal demand. The government through various agencies is also evaluating other renewable sources of energy such as wind while encouraging the adoption of the conversion of waste to energy. In 2014, the cost of natural gas rose to $ 8/mBtu (million British thermal units) creating a need for faster shift to renewable energy (Kumetat, 2015). According to Kumetat (2015), the average cost of natural gas may rise twofold by 2020. Considering that the UAE imports natural gas, it has taken bold steps to decrease its dependence on the same. Furthermore, UAE desires to extensively use green energy in order to expand its economy, free additional petroleum for exports as well as to reduce the rates of the environmental degradation. In order to achieve a sustainable consumption of renewable energy sources, various options in terms of the forms of renewable energy sources have been considered. The UAE has a high yearly radiation making the exploitation of solar energy reasonable and economical. Large, open fields can be mounted with photovoltaic solar panels to transform solar energy into electric energy. Additionally, sunshine can be used for direct heating. With this knowledge, the country has been rigorously promoting the generation of the solar power since early 2008. Abu Dhabi and Dubai were among the first to embrace the use of solar power, each set its own targets for future production and consumption. Abu Dhabi has set its target to have 7% of its energy consumption as solar generated by 2020 (Kumetat, 2015). Dubai, on the other hand, is aiming at 5% clean energy as a percentage of the total consumption by 2030. As a result of these visions, Abu Dhabi has launched many massive projects to harness solar power. Both photovoltaic (PV) as well as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) are in various stages of installation. On the other hand, Dubai has in the recent past focused majorly on PV system for generating electricity. Types of Renewable Energy The growth in the use of renewable sources of energy was rather slow before 2008, in which the entire country generated only 1% of its entire energy production from solar energy. By 2014, it was estimated that the UAE held half the facilities for harnessing solar energy in the GCC combined with the Levant (Caprotti, 2015). The Masdar City This is a city project in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in the UAE. The city is under construction and is aimed at being a global model for a carbon neutral city. When completed, the city is planned to save 45% of water and 59% compared to the amount a similar sized conventional city would consume (Caprotti, 2015). Despite this city being energy and resource efficient, it will be powered majorly by renewable sources of energy. Additionally, the term carbon neutral means that it will not emit more carbon than a unit area of undeveloped space. The major sources of energy for this city will be solar power, and large areas of open fields will be installed with photovoltaic solar panels. In addition, the design of each individual structure will be such that it will need the minimum possible artificial lighting and air conditioning. Furthermore, model structures that can produce more energy than it can consume will also be integrated. The city will house a maximum of 50,000 people in addition t o 15,000 businesses (Caprotti, 2015). The core of this city is being built by the Masdar Company, which is a part of the larger Mubadala Development Company. The Abu Dhabi government has been the chief stockholder in the provision of the initial capital required. The designer of this city will be the Britishbased fosters and partners architectural firm. The city is being developed approximately 17 km in the south east of Abu Dhabi, standing adjacent to the Abu Dhabi International Airport. The city project was commissioned in 2006 with an estimated implementation period of about 8 years. The total cost was estimated at between $ 18 and 22 billion: the initial part was slated for completion before 2009. It was, however, delayed due to the effects of global financial crisis; some of the structures in phase one were not habitable by 2009 (Caprotti, 2015). With time, the total cost of the development of this city has declined by 10-15% while several variations have been made in instances where theoretical design could not be applied successfully. IRENA will have its headquarters in this city so as to demonstrate to the world the importance of green tech in the construction of modern cities (International Renewable Energy Agency, 2013). Masdar city will be a national as well a worldwide epicenter for clean tech corporations. The Masdar institute of technology was the first institution to book space in this city and become its first tenant. This institution of higher learning and research has been operating in the proposed city in various areas since late 2010, when it occupied its campus. The most striking feature of this city is that it has been developed to exclusively use renewable energy resources. Additionally, it is fitted with a system to enable the maximum possible conservation of energy. PV solar panels are used to generate the electric energy required to run this city. A total of 87,777 PV solar panels that occupy an area of approximately 22- hectare are used. Additional PV panels are installed on roofs of some structures. Another essential component of these structures is that they lack power switches and water taps. It has been done to eliminate instances where lights and water taps and appliances may be left on unnecessarily. Lighting and water points are controlled by a series of motion sensors, which has reduced water consumption to 55% and electricity to 51%. The initial plan provided for the installation of all the solar panels on the rooftops of various building. During the development phase, it was discovered that it would be much more efficient to build solar fields on the open fields in the desert. It would make it easy to brush the dirt off their surface than having cleaners climb on every roof top to clean them. Additionally, the flat open field ensures uniformity in the power generation in addition to the fact that desert has more insolation per unit area than the location of the city. In addition to PV panels, CSP plants are being tested to find out if they can effectively be used to tap the heat energy from sunshine. If this is successfully established, the amount of electricity used for heating could be saved or reduced, which would ultimately reduce the costs. In addition to the use of renewable energy sources, comprehensive water management practices are also incorporated to reduce wastage. Mechanisms are also put in place to ensure that about 80% of the water used is recycled. It includes reusing waste water whenever applicable and utilizing grey water to irrigate crops. Apart from the projects initiated and implemented by Masdar, there are several other projects across the UAE that will exclusively use solar power. For instance, in June 2015, the roads and transport authority in the UAE announced the planned commencement of the construction of 400 bus stops in Dubai. A large percentage of the new ones constructed in areas that have been off the grid will have air conditioning systems that will be powered using solar energy. This project does not only make Dubai the first city in the world to have air conditioned bus stops but also the first one to have solar operated ones. This announcement came a year after trial projects had been done in 2014 in Al Jafliya. Even if the test projects did not provide adequate power for air conditioning systems, it provided crucial information of the possibilities of successfully applying the same in the future. The tests indicated that solar power was adequate for powering lights and advertisement, but the materials used as well as structures’ shapes could not be effectively air conditioned by a solar powered system. However, more trials indicated that with the use of crescent-shaped shelters made of improved materials and heat, dust and humidity resistant paints, a number of them would support a solar powered air conditioner. The Shams 1 Shams 1 is a project that was undertaken to harness the heat energy from the sun and use it for the purpose of generating electricity. The plant is located in Abu Dhabi and is made up of a CSP plant. The plant was completed and became operational by 17th march, 2013. Shams 1 is one of the largest CSP plants in the world. The system is made up of parabolic mirrors set on both sides of a dark pipe made of a special heat absorptive material containing oil. The parabolic glasses are used to concentrate heat from sunshine onto the pipes carrying oil hence heating it. The heated oil in turn heats water which evaporates into steam which turns turbines. The mechanical energy in this turbine is converted into electricity. Since the heat obtained from the oil is not sufficient to rapidly evaporate water, a special heater that burns natural gas ‘a natural gas booster’ is used to compensate the heat difference by heating the water to the temperatures close to 400 degrees Celsius. In the Shams 1 power plant, the parabolic mirror holders are set on an intelligent system that is able to track the movement of the sun. Close to 80% of the heat used comes from the CSP units and is converted into approximately 55% of the total electricity generated. On the other hand, 20% of the heat is obtained from combustion of natural gas and accounts for approximately 45% of the total electric energy produced. From these statistics, it is crucial to note how the heat from the sunshine is greatly used to increase the systems efficiency in the use of natural gas in the production of electricity, making it possible to generate 45% of electricity from only 20% of heat from natural gas. It saves the cost of the 80% of the heat obtained from the CSP unit and is very crucial for reducing emissions (Rauland Newman, 2015). The Shams 1 management does not disclose the cost of generating one unit of power for some reason, which may include the fact that it is in power purchase contract with the management of the power grid. According to CSP professionals, an average price of a CSP system is presently between 20 and 25 cents / kWh. During the design and the developmental phase of this project, the total annual output had been estimated at slightly less than 200GWh. However, the first year of operation saw the plant produce slightly in access of 210GWh. Experts report that this is equivalent to the amount consumed by roughly 20000 homes in the UAE or  ½% of the total electricity demand in the country. The size of this CSP unit makes it cover an area of approximately 2.5 square kilometers while the total length of the parabolic trough is approximately 120 km. The large surface area seen above is very crucial for absorbing the maximum amount of heat from the sun shine. For this reason, the whole project is an environmental conservation success as it greatly reduces carbon emission. In one year, Shams 1 is capable of reducing carbon dioxide emission by about 175,000 tones, an amount that is produced by 1500cars over the same period of time. It is also the amount that can be absorbed by 1.5 million trees in one year. Shamss1 had a nominal maximum capacity of 100MW. However, the plant was seen to produce up to 125MW at one instance. Fluctuation in the amount of heat harnessed from the sunshine is observed in several instances. For example, at night, during cloudy days or in the winter, the amount of the heating obtained from the use of natural gas is increased to compensate for the deficit. The management of Shamss 1 plant only allows the use of natural gas up to 600, 000 btu (British thermal units). The operating staff is usually mandated to determine the amount of natural gas to add in order to compensate for the shortfall in the heat collected by the CSP unit. It has been observed that PV cells are much cheaper than CSP in terms of having a shorter process of generating electricity and also having fewer components. However, CSP has several advantages over the PV systems. CSP units store heat making the generation of electricity stable, even despite sharp fluctuations that may occur in the amount of sunshine received. Additionally, the system is more durable as the storage tanks for hot water can last close to 30 years, which is very long compared to short battery lives for PV systems. As discussed earlier, CSP are able to cater for sharp fluctuations in the sunshine received, making electric generation more regular as compared to PV units. CSP is also very easy to combine with conventional heat power plants and has been used in many instances to upgrade those (Rauland Newman, 2015). Shams 1 project has been very vital and will immensely contribute towards assisting Abu Dhabi to achieve 7% of renewable energy by 2020 (Rauland Newman, 2015). Additionally, it will help the whole country to reduce carbon emissions, diversify its energy sources, as well as the entire economy. It is important to note that Shams1 is run partly by Masdar. Therefore, its existence offers a great learning experience to Masdar, which is continuously looking for ways to improve the project. It offers a great opportunity for the researchers at Masdar to experiment with an aim of improving both the technology as well as the materials used in this plant to boost efficiency, durability and sustainability. How the UAE is Approaching Renewable Energy for the Future The UAE is aiming at reducing its dependence on petroleum and natural gas for generation of electricity. The primary aim of this is to free more petroleum for export, save money used to import natural gas and avoid the degradation of the nation’s natural environment. The country had an integrated long-term plan to ensure that it derived 24 % of its power from clean sources by 2030. Later on, the government plans to accelerate this plan to achieve this by 2021. Apart from the large-scale projects carried out by Masdar, including the carbon neutral city and the mega CSP Shams 1, the country has more plans to increase generation of electricity from solar energy (Sayigh, 2013). In April 2015, the government announced its plans to add an additional 100MV of electricity by installing additional PV solar panels. The FEWA (federal Electricity and Water Authority) has set up plans to initiate large-scale projects in the expansive north of the UAE. The government is also on course to in itiate several projects to generate 24% of its entire energy demand by 2021 as seen earlier. Some of the projects underway include the development of nuclear power plants. Most of these projects are meant to benefit the five remaining emirates that have not been involved in the massive projects of Masdar city and Shams 1. Emirates such as Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umma AL Quiwain as well as Fujairah are the ones serviced by FEWA while Dubai and Abu Dhabi have their own parallel services (Kumetat, 2015). FEWA is set to collaborate with private corporations in the inception, design and development of these projects. Tenders as well as areas of co-operations are set to be awarded via a competitive tendering process. Such an approach is set to be adopted as it is very effective in ensuring that the cost is kept the lowest while maintaining the highest attainable standards. One of such tenders awarded recently include a 200MW project awarded to ACWA Corporation from Saudi Arabia to construct a PV solar field in Dubai. It achieved the lowest flat-rate tariff (5.84 ¢/kWh) in the history (Kumetat, 2015). The project is in design phase, and the company is already securing funds through low interest bank loans in readiness for the commissioning in 2017. Upon completion, it will be the largest of its kind in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. Masdar Company is already in a design stage for the first phases of the first geothermal project ever to be implemented in the UAE (Kumetat, 2 015). In addition to FEWA’s projects, Masdar and Shams 1, other plans are also underway aimed at increasing renewable power generation all across the UAE. On 15th April, 2015, Dubai announced to roll out a mega project at a cost of $3 billion aimed at boosting power generation capability to 3GW. (Kumetat, 2015) DEWA’s managing director Sayeed Tayer announced that the above plans were aimed at boosting the generation capacity of the proposed largest solar park in Dubai: Shaikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The initial capacity of this park was planned to be 1GW upon completion in 2019 as the installation begun back in 2013. The initial authorizing of the first block of PV solar panels with a total capacity of 13 MW was also done in 2013 (Sayigh, 2013). However, DEWA has planned to upgrade the plant during and after the installation such that its capacity will triple (to 3 GW) by 2030. It shows how seriously the country is taking the harnessing and the use of renewable energy from solar power. Apart from the massive expansion of the physical capacity through the installation of larger and more powerful PV panels, the UAE is taking another very futuristic approach to the generation and storage of renewable energy. The government through its agencies is carrying out and sponsoring research to come up with futuristic ways of generating and storing energy. The Masdar institute, among others is continuously carrying out research on how to improve the generation capacities of various PV solar parks, Shams 1 CSP plant among others. Its research also includes the development of materials that are more absorptive of the solar energy. One of the ground-breaking research currently being done by this institute in conjunction with Norwegian company aims at making the storage of electricity produced by CSP solar parks more efficient. The Nest (New Energy Storage Technology) could reduce the cost of solar power by 70% in five years (Rauland Newman, 2015). The research aims at storing he at energy using special concrete material to store heat collected through CSP instead of the conventional method that is usually expensive. Another issue that has been seen to reduce the efficiency of sunshine absorption either in PV solar or CSP units is accumulation of dust. Dust or sand covers the surface needed for heat absorption: it increases costs as regular dusting and washing is required. Masdar is working to engineer transparent materials that have pore-sizes smaller than sand particle to protect the units’ surfaces. Additionally, parallel research and trials are currently underway aimed at coming up with a material that repels sand or dust particles. Materials are also being developed that have the ability to inhibit bacterial and other microbial activities that occur when dust and sand particles settle on PV or CSP units. All these are aimed at increasing the efficiency of these systems in order to generate more power, reduce cost and make the systems more sustainable (Rauland Newman, 2015). Steps described above show a country that is earnestly trying to diversify its energy mix. The diversification is aimed at attaining sustainability in all runs. With all these systems in place, the UAE seems to be ready to embrace renewable energy in the future. Research done and sponsored by various organizations may usher in an era in which renewable energy will be adequately competitive to effectively replace non renewable energy sources. Additionally, the Masdar carbon neutral city, being the first in the world, will serve as a model and an indicator of a time in the future where many other cities will be carbon neutral, therefore reducing global warming and reversing the effects of climatic change. When the systems for tapping and storing solar energy are competitive enough relative to conventional sources, the country will be in a better position to simply increase the scale of generation and effectively replace petroleum: it will usher in an era of clean non exhaustible energy with very low maintenance cost.

Spanish Vocabulary of Air Travel

Spanish Vocabulary of Air Travel Unless you live near the right international border, theres no quicker way to visit a Spanish-speaking country than to fly. And even though English is widely spoken in international travel, it is likely that your first encounter with Spanish on a vacation or business trip will be on the plane or at the airport. Study these words and phrases before you go on your trip and youll better be able to take care of your travel needs or to eavesdrop: Useful words la aduana - customsla aerolà ­nea - airlineel aeropuerto - airportla almohada - pillowel asiento - seatel auxiliar de vuelo, la azafata - flight attendantel avià ³n - airplaneel boleto - ticketel baà ±o - bathroomla clase ejecutiva, la clase turista - executive class, tourist classla comida - mealconfirmar una reservacià ³n - to confirm a reservationel destino - destinationel equipaje - luggageel horario, el itinerario - schedulela linea aerea - airlinela maleta - suitcasela oferta - special, saleel pasajero, la pasajera - passengerel pasaporte - passportla primera clase - first classel regreso - returnla reserva, la reservacià ³n - reservationla salida - departure, exitla tarifa - pricela tienda libre de impuestos - duty-free shopel viaje - journey, tripel vuelo - flight, wing Useful phrases:  ¿Cundo sale el avià ³n? - When does the plane leave? ¿Cundo llega el avià ³n? - When does the plane arrive? ¿Dà ³nde est el baà ±o? - Where is the bathroom? ¿Habla usted inglà ©s? - Do you speak English?

Hypothetical international law questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypothetical international law questions - Essay Example Answer: As per the UN Charter of human rights, human rights of all the passengers are violated in this case. According to the International Convention Against Taking of Hostages(1979) the passengers can seek damages for the violation of their human rights. 2. They can argue that they are political criminals fighting for a just cause and are not terrorists, and it is very important principle of the International law that extradition for political crimes is not allowed. 1. The act of USA's military forces gathering just outside Libya's twelve-mile territorial sea, but within plain view of the Libya coastal defense forces is a hostile act and can be considered as an act of war against Libya. USA can not resort to such tactics without clear cut evidence of the participation of the Libyan State in the crime of hijacking, otherwise it has to be considered as a terrorist act committed by some individuals. Even if USA was convinced that the some Libyan Political leaders are clandestinely involved in this crime, in that case USA should have approached the UN security council first to take a collective action for protecting the interests of the passengers on board the aircraft. 2.